US charges Raúl Castro with murder

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These are our main stories. The U.S. charges Cuba's former president, Roel Castro, with murder over the downing of two planes in 1996. Elon Musk's rocket and satellite company is set to make the first ever trillion dollar debut on a U.S. stock market. Our tech correspondent in San Francisco tells us why SpaceX is so valuable. Also in this podcast, we'll hear from this year's winners of the International Cory Booker Prize. and we'll take you to the Caribbean. You come to Barbary, you get four beaches to yourself and not just beaches. Pink sand beaches.

Pink sand? A legal battle is being fought over those beaches. We'll tell you the story.

We begin with Cuba. For months, the United States has been intensifying its pressure on the island, imposing a fuel blockade that's triggered sustained power outages. Cuba's economy was struggling. before the embargo, and now it's close to collapse. In our last edition, we mentioned growing rumors that the Trump administration was getting ready to go a step further. Well, it's now been revealed that the island's former president, Raul Castro, has been charged

with murder. The charges stem from a 1996 incident in which Cuban fighter jets shot down two civilian aircraft operated by a volunteer group of Cuban exiles. The acting attorney general Todd Blanche made the announcement. in Miami at a ceremony to honor those killed. This isn't a show indictment. This is an indictment because we expect that there was a warrant issue for his arrest. So we expect that he will show up here by his own will or by another way. President Trump praised the indictment, which came after he and members of his administration

have threatened to invade or take military action against the island. Just as Mr. Trump was boarding an airplane, reporters' actions. of Americans might soon expect further U.S. action against Cuba. There won't be escalation. I don't think there needs to be. Look, the place is falling apart. It's a mess. And they've sort of lost control. They've really lost control of Cuba. Cuba's leadership has condemned the U.S. indictment as a political maneuver devoid of any legal foundation. Our North America correspondent, Byrne de Boosman, spoke to us from Washington.

The indictment itself is symbolically extremely important here in the United States. There are many Cuban exiles and Cuban Americans, particularly in South Florida, that feel extremely strongly about the Castro family, both Raoul and his late brother Fidel. And for them, it's very important that there at least be this suggestion that he could be brought to justice. Now, whether he actually faces these charges is a different question entirely. Of course, the U.S. could go in and seize him, and just this afternoon, Senator Rick Scott made the suggestion that they do so, as they did with Nicolas Maduro in Venezuela in January. But, of course, that has humanitarian implications launching a military operation on an island that's already suffering from massive shortages. And, of course, Raul Castro is turning 95 years old on June 3rd.

So any operation to seize him, of course, has to take into account that he's an elderly. man, which makes it much more complicated than it was in the case of Maduro. And what about the wider U.S. strategy towards Cuba? The U.S. president says there won't be an escalation? He did say there won't be an escalation, but then in a subsequent statement from the White House, the president vowed that the U.S. wouldn't tolerate what the White House described as a rogue state just 90 miles from American shores. There's very much been essentially a maximum pressure campaign on the island, which

as seen, for example, the U.S. threatened tariffs on countries that trade fuel to Cuba. That's led to the massive energy and fuel shortages that we've seen, which have been the most significant in decades. Why is this maximum pressure campaign happening now? Why place so much pressure on Cuba? Well, for one, President Trump, with the exception of Iran, he's very much refocused U.S. foreign policy on Latin America. We saw earlier in this administration the beginning of strikes on drug boats coming through the Caribbean, for example. We've seen military strikes in Ecuador.

We've seen indictments against current and former officials in Mexico. And I think also it needs to be said this is something that could benefit President Trump and the Republican Party more broadly, politically here in the U.S. As I mentioned, many, many Cuban Americans feel very strongly about this. And that's generally a block of people that has been in favor of President Trump. But over the last year and a half, we saw those numbers start to slip the rather harsh immigration policies, which didn't spare newly arrived Cubans from detention centers, for example, or from having their political asylum blocked. That was raising quite a lot of concern among Cuban Americans in Florida and in other places.

And I think this move will be very popular among them, which benefits the White House. and Republican candidates more broadly. What strategic importance does Cuba have for the United States? For one, I think its main strategic importance to the United States is that it's very close to its shores. The distance between Cuba and Key West, the southernmost point of the United States, is just 90 miles. And that's something that has raised alarm for decades since the communist revolution took Cuba in 1959. Many people will remember the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962, for example, in which Russian missiles were based in Cuba, almost prompting what very well could have

dollar debutante on an American stock market. I spoke with Lily Jamali, our tech correspondent in San Francisco, and asked her how SpaceX had become so valuable. It is a lot of money, isn't it? And this company is many things all in one. It is a rocket maker. It has in that regard become almost a replacement for NASA, the U.S. space program. It's a compliment, but it has replaced some of the key functions that NASA once carried out. It's also the provider of Starlink, the satellite internet service, which a lot of people around the world use.

And it has under its auspices XAI, which is Elon Musk's AI startup, which makes GROC, the chatbot that's been embroiled in controversy a couple times over the last year or so, as well as X. So it's prolific. What we've learned more about SpaceX from its initial filings to the stock market. What did that uncover? Yeah. Finally getting a very intimate look at the financials of one of the most valuable parts of Elon Musk Elon Musk's business empire. So we learn, for example, what their revenues look like, what do sales look like, and I'll just give you two numbers here. They have made a lot of money 13.8 billion pounds

in revenue. I believe that's for last year. But at the same time, they suffered a net loss in the most recent quarter. So they are making a lot of money, but they are also spending a lot, especially right now, presumably as they gear up for this IPO. So we got a little bit of that. We also understand that they have $100 plus billion in assets. They also carry some debt. So a mixed bag, but overall a company that I think is in fairly sound financial health. And I think that confirms what, you know, many observers have seen given the wide array of

businesses that SpaceX operates in. It's a huge company, isn't it? but it's not the only company that Elon Musk has. So where does SpaceX fit within Elon Musk's business empire? So the other major company that he is the head of is Tesla, which is also publicly traded right now. And he owns majority of SpaceX. So this IPO, SpaceX, remember, values itself as well over a trillion dollars, could mean Elon Musk reaps a payday of north of $600 billion.

dollars and that could push him into the category of the world's first trillionaire. He has Tesla. He has a couple of other business interests like Neurrelink, which is in sort of the biotech space and others. The boring company is yet another that just has not gained a lot of traction yet. Maybe never will. But, you know, SpaceX has been, even with all of the political controversy that Elon Musk has found himself in, aligning himself with U.S. President Donald Trump.

shifting to the political right. SpaceX has been one of these rare islands that are devoid of controversy. That is, of course, until they pulled in Twitter and XAI. Now, now there's a little bit of legal exposure the company is exposed to. Millie Jamali in San Francisco. Ukraine says it aims to shoot down 95% of Russia's long-range drones by the end of this year. In the last few months, Moscow's been stepping up its long-range strike. but so is Ukraine, launching hundreds of drones a day at Russian oil refineries and cities. The two countries' air defenses are being tested like never before. But as our defense correspondent, Jonathan Beale reports,

Ukraine is making significant advances to defend its skies. Russia's still trying to pummel Ukraine into submission. This month, launching one of its largest attacks, more than 1,500 drones and 56 missiles within 48 hours. But most were shot down. Yuri Mironenko, Inspector General at Ukraine's Ministry of Defense, says they're getting better at defending their skies. With ballistic missiles, it's not so easy.

But for Shahed, we're working about it. And every month, we... We rise our results and I think now we are unfortunately the best in the world. Ukraine's using all means possible to improve its air defenses, including enlisting the help of private companies and civilians to target Russian drones. We're in a basement where there are just rows of desks, computer screens that show maps and also cameras. this is where this private company is tracking Russian drones and shooting them down. A lot of the people operating the systems, just simple gaming controls,

have been trained for three weeks. They could be mums. They could be veterans. They could be taxi drivers. And this is now their job, working for a private company hunting down Russian drones. They fire remotely controlled machine guns. And it's all plugged in to Ukraine's military system known as SkyMamash. which fuses information from radar and thousands of sensors.

On the map we can see a drone approaching one of the mobile automatic guns they've got trained on the horizon, waiting to see if it comes within range. It's not complicated, it's very simple. It's controlled just like a computer game, like you'd play on a phone, an Xbox or PlayStation. Anyone can control it. Ruslan's the head of Karmine Sky. We are fully integrated into the military system. This isn't the Wild West.

We follow the instructions and the commands of the military. Embracing innovation and technologies giving Ukraine an edge. And this is the weapon, more than any other, that's transformed its ability to take down Russian drones. In March alone, these kinds of interceptors destroyed more than 30,000 Russian drones. This is the P1 Sun Interceptor drone, shaped like a bullet, about half a meter tall. It can travel at more than 300 kilometers an hour.

Welcos is the commander of this air defense unit. We're showing the world we can fight a bigger enemy while inflicting significant losses, and at the same time, we're defending ourselves effectively.

Yes. One big drone. Yeah. But there are gaps in Ukraine's air defenses. Near the city of Hearson, small FPV drones, still the cause of most casualties, continued to strike fear on the front line. How far are the Russians? How far away? 6, 7 kilometers. 10 kilometers? 6 kilometers. 6 kilometers.

Dron! Fight, light, fight. The simple rifle. This Ukraine. Marine units, last line of defence.

And Russian drones and missiles are still getting through. This week in Kiev, the funeral of two young girls. Twelve-year-old Lubava and a 17-year-old sister, Vera, were among 24 killed when a missile hit their apartment block. They'd already lost their father. fighting on the front line. Their grieving mother, now the family's sole survivor. These mass attacks are designed to overwhelm Ukraine's air defenses. But Ukraine's own long-range strikes are now posing the same problem for Russia. Jonathan Beale.

Still to come in this podcast. Already you move very slowly on that height, that attitude, but because of this queue, they're barely moving. That is what is causing the concern. The people stuck in a slow-moving queue halfway up Mount Everest. Take the leash off your laptop with the processor that gives you long battery life. Work on the go. Jump between back-to-back calls. Stay locked in from brewing morning coffee to burning the midnight oil. Get maximum performance, even when unplugged. Finally, the freedom to move across the room or across the world is here. Snapdragon, that's how.

Hey, it's Bobby Bones from the Bobby Bones show. NASCAR fans, this summer is going to be a good one because TNT Sports is your home for the biggest races. That's right, TNT Sports is back in the saddle as you're home for NASCAR this summer. We're talking about five incredible races at five historic tracks. So if you love the strategy, the speed, the late race pressure, and everything that comes with the NASCAR, this is the stretch you'll want to lock in for. One of the big ones is the ERO 400 at Chicago Land Speedway. This is the second race of this year's end season challenge.

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It always happens right before the whistle. There's a little voice that says, What if I mess up? What if I'm not ready? I see a whole highlight reel of everything I don't want to happen. Missed shots, turnovers, letting my team down. And for a second, there's doubt. But then, I realize I've done enough to be where I'm at.

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Ghana is due to repatriate some of its citizens from South Africa early on Thursday. That's following a wave of sometimes violent protests against illegal immigration across major cities in South Africa. According to a social media post by the Ghanaian Foreign Ministry, a free flight has been arranged. Our correspondent Mayani Jay Jones is in Johannesburg. The Ghanaian government says 300 of its citizens in South Africa have expressed an interest in being repatriated home. It's not clear how many of them will be on the chartered flight leaving today. This follows protests against illegal immigration in various South African cities. The demonstrations have been organised by a group called March and March,

which describes itself as a citizen-led movement for immigration reform. Protesters have blamed illegal immigrants for low wages and unemployment in South Africa. Nigeria has also said that more than 100 of its citizens have asked to be flown home. The South African government has condemned any violence and criminal acts directed at foreign nationals, saying that they don't represent the views of South Africans, no government policy. In a statement earlier this month, President Sir Ramaphosa added that his country needed to deal with illegal immigration, saying that it added a strain on health care, housing and social services, particularly in disadvantaged communities. Mayani Jay Jones in Johannesburg.

Let's focus on the Caribbean now and one of its smaller tourist islands. You might have heard of Antigua, but let me tell you, Barbuda, it's worth it at. Barbuda? really? We got Nelson's dockyard, English Harbour, and we got the party. Yeah! Exactly, man, you come to Barbuda, you get four beaches to yourself and not just beaches. Pink sand, beaches. Pink sand? I'll take swimming with... Well, as you've heard there, Barbuda is famous for its beautiful beaches.

But campaigners say many of those pristine beach fronts are under threat from wealthy developers. They're accused of buying up land for private use and cutting off access for locals. So some of Barbuda's citizens are challenging the developments in court. Our reporter Chelsea Coates told me more about what's happening there. The beaches on Barbuda are really unique, especially on the South Coast. Once a year, the sand actually turns pink, so this lovely kind of rosy hue. Barbuda has quite a small population. It's only around 2,000 people.

So it's quite a tight-knit community. And a lot of the people I was speaking to there, one of them is called Miranda. She's a school teacher. She used to have a bar on this pink sand beach. And she was talking about how there's a really kind of slow pace of life. So people kind of go there to play dominoes throughout the week and they go there to relax after church on Sundays. The beach is a community hub for everyone to kind of gather around.

It sounds lovely, Chelsea. But what's changed on the beaches now? The main kind of thing that's changing in Barbuda, but also across the entire Caribbean, is that as these islands are coming more popular tourist destinations, they're seeing more developers coming in and buying up beachfront property. Miranda herself has been affected by this. After Hurricane Irma, back in 2017, the whole of Barbuda's population was evacuated from the island to its sister island, Antigua, and her bar and her house were destroyed. And she says that this kind of opened the floodgates

for lots of offers to people to start offering her money to buy her land. rejected all of these offers. She said that the money isn't what matters to her. She wants to preserve her bar for her children. But eventually, she told me her bar was bulldozed and she's been locked in a legal fight to gain her land back ever since. I've spoken to the developers that she claims are occupying her land. That's the wording that the global legal action network uses. That's the network of lawyers that's supporting Miranda. They said that they are not. have never occupied the land, and they strictly followed all agreements since entering a lease in Barbuda in 2017. But she argues, like many other campaigners across the Caribbean,

that this is about more than just a source of income or having access to a beach because it's a place to relax or kind of catch a suntan. For her, it's about her heritage, her culture, and her way of life justically changing and wanting to preserve that for future generations as well. Chelsea, what's the government doing during all of this wrangling over beachfront land? The laws around beachfront ownership are quite complicated there, aren't they? They are. So the laws around beachfront ownership, in fact, land ownership generally differ from island to island. But Barbuda is quite unique in that they have something called communal land ownership. Practically, what that means is that individual citizens have the right to occupy a plot of land if they apply for a lease to the local authority.

but technically they don't privately own that land. So instead, all land is owned communally, and citizens share the collective right to be consulted on what happens to any said plot of land. That is the kind of system of ownership that they've had in Barbuda ever since slavery ended in the late or mid-18th century. This has complicated a lot of the legal fights

that are happening in Barbuda. Campaigners were telling me they feel that the government essentially isn't defending the land laws they have had for centuries on the island. And they feel like it's the start of a slippery slope. And they're calling on the government to protect their land. And I've reached out to government officials for a response on this, but so far they haven't got back to me on that.

Chelsea Coates. Next to another slightly colder destination, because right now hundreds of people are stuck waiting in line up on Mount Everest. This year saw what's thought to be the biggest number of permits ever issued to climb the world's highest peak. And as our global environment correspondent, Navine Singh Kadka explained to Paul Moss, many of the people trying to climb the mountain are now in trouble. This is about Camp 3, Camp 4, about 7,000 meters. That is where people have started queuing up to go to the summit. And this is where the serpentine line you'll see. The site is,

even during nighttime, all the lamps on the head, the headlamps, you know, going right. right to the top of the mountain. So imagine that temperature, this place that I'm talking about, 8,000 plus, it's also known as the death zone. And already you move very slowly on that height, in that attitude. But because of this queue, they're barely moving, barely. And at times, you have to really, really just stand. That is what is causing the concern, because in the past, similar traffic jams have led to deaths and injuries. So how did it end up with this happening? So many people on that crest of the mountain all at once. This time around, the government has given out a record number of climbing permits.

That's around 500. This is climbing permits alone. That means for 500 people. Now, those 500 climbers will have support staff. So that's why they say multiply that number by two or three. That means either, you know, between 1,000 to 1,500 people will have to be on the summit. At least they will try to go there. And if you remember in the past,

the climbing, the submitting would have been evenly distributed. You have very limited days, but you would know it beforehand. So maybe, you know, by mid-May, this many people, this many groups, and then towards last of May, this many groups, yeah. But this time what happened was there's this massive ice block called Serak, hanging right, you know, above in the Cumbu Ice Falls, just above the base camp. And that delayed everything, rope fixing, ladder fixing, you know, everything was delayed. And as a result, all these mountainous could not acclimatize.

and also could not distribute that, you know, who would go first and who would go later. And as a result, all of them now, you know, assembled there on the higher camps. And that is why that concern that, you know, what would happen again, you know, it's also about logistics, who has enough oxygen bottles and who has not. It sounds like there may have been some kind of mistake in giving so many passes for people to climb Everest. What is the Nepalese government saying about this? The logic has always been that, you know, Nepal needs. money. It's a relatively poor country. This is one of those very limited source of income.

Of course, you know, it also caters to the tourism industry. But then what they have been telling me is they didn't know that there would be this bottleneck because of that Serak and so on and so forth. And also they say that they have deployed liaison officers to take care of it. Neveen Singh-Katka, speaking to Paul Moss. And last, every year, the International Cory Booker Prize is awarded to the best novel or a collection of short stories translated into English. The prize money is split equally between the writer and the translator. This year's winners are Yang Shwang Z for her novel Taiwan Travelog, written in Mandarin Chinese and translated by Lin King.

Taiwan Travelog is a story set in 1938, a forbidden love between two women, a Japanese novelist and her Taiwanese interpreter. It's also an exploration of colonialism, and a love letter to Taiwan's cuisine. My colleague James Menendez discussed the book with the prize winners, Yang Shuang Zi and Lin King, with the help of interpreter Jean Lin.

The main point is to have a conversation with Taiwanese people and let them know what happened on our land. When you talk about a conversation to the Taiwanese people about what Japanese colonialism did to the island, is that the theme at the heart of the book?

What I wanted to say that there's an important point in Taiwanese history where in 1945, the ROC regime migrated after civil war to Taiwan, and that kind of erased a part of our Japanese rule era history in Taiwan. And the conversation I want to have with Taiwanese people is to recall that lost history of ours. So this is when the Chinese nationalists came over from mainland. China to Taiwan. Let me bring in Lin at this point. I mean, Lynn, it's also

fittingly a book about translation, isn't it? Yeah, indeed. And Shenzh herself is not she only writes in Mandarin Chinese and doesn't translate professionally, but the framework of this book being a pseudo-translation, a fake translation, was so that she could

translate what happened in history that feels unfamiliar for a modern readership that is maybe hearing about some of these things for the first time. But for a real translator, it then becomes this great opportunity to really jump in and sort of flaunt the aspects of the book that are only possible because it's framed as a translation. And what challenges did that bring for you?

The story is set in 1930s. This is colonial Japan. A lot of the terms that they were using were from a very imperial perspective. so things that are no longer said in modern Japanese because now they try to respect Taiwan as a separate culture. And in addition, Taiwan, even though since 1945, the national language has been Mandarin Chinese, a lot of times people still speak, say, Haka or Taiwanese Hokkien,

which we now call Dai Ji. So actually in the story itself, historically, they would have only been speaking Japanese and Dai Ji and not Mandarin Chinese. So even though the work was originally written in Mandarin Chinese, the translation is trying to present it as a historical, accurate work where all the dialogue is being conducted, not in Mandarin Chinese. It's hugely complex, I mean, you'll be very modest about this,

but I mean, was this, did this kind of do your head into some extent where you were trying to grapple with it? Yeah, and we were working really hard to gauge what point would make the hurdle just too high for the action, average reader picking up this book in a bookstore, like at what point would they just give up because there are too many sets of pronunciations, too many languages, too many things to keep track of. But I think my publishers and I really believed in the reader. We believe that even in this day and age, people can hold their attention, can really dive

into a story to learn its internal logic, its linguistic systems, and still get something entertaining and rewarding out of the story itself. Tell us about food. How important is food to this book? Why is it important? So firstly, as an author, I love food. I want to comment that when I was a trial, what I heard most oftenly from people

is commenting about how Taiwanese cuisine is a part of Chinese cuisine. I was confused and furated to a point that I just want to talk back. And then therefore, under framework of writing about Taiwanese cuisine under Japanese rule, I want to make a point. This is my response to those people that I believe Taiwanese cuisine is not part of Chinese cuisine, nor is it a part of Japanese cuisine. Yan Chongz, author of Taiwan Travelog and her translator, Lin King, winners of the International Cory Booker Prize.

And that's all from us for now. If you want to get in touch, you can email us at global podcast at BBC.co.uk. You can also find us on X at BBC World Service. Use the hashtag Global NewsPod. And don't forget our sister podcast, The Global Story, which goes in-depth and beyond the headlines on one big story. This edition of the Global News podcast was mixed by Elena Bowles and the producer was Stephanie Zackerson. The editor is Karen Martin. I'm Celia Hatton.

Until next time, goodbye. Bye. Take the leash off your laptop with the processor that gives you long battery life. Work on the go. Jump between back-to-back calls. Stay locked in from brewing morning coffee to burning the midnight oil. Get maximum performance, even when unplugged. Finally, the freedom to move across the room or across the world is here. Snapdragon, that's how.